Basically, jobs are of 2 types. 1). Govt. Jobs 2). Private Jobs. Govt. Jobs related to : Govt. of India Jobs, State Govt. Jobs, Public Sector and other Allied Organisations.

The jobs of the Central Govt. related to the items mentioned in the union list of the constitution. Eg:- Defence, Home, Income Tax, Customs and Excise, Railways, Post and Telegraphs, BSNL, Prasara Bharathi, etc. The State Govt. Jobs related to the items mentioned in the state list of the constitution. Eg:- Police, Agriculture, Primary & Secondary Education, Co-operation, Local Govts, Welfare, Medical Health etc.

 Candidates used to show a lot of interest in securing Govt. Jobs. But during the Software boom, craze for Govt. jobs got reduced because of the attractive salaries, perks and privileges, good promotion opportunities, recognition to merit and performance and accomplishment of given targets.  Especially, after the emergence of Software Companies the private jobs got a lot of recognition and importance. But there is no reservation policy in the recruitment of private jobs. The candidate has to get these private jobs on the basis of his mental ability and aptitude. In the private jobs also there are several cadres, levels, scales etc.

 In some companies, the employee gets pay package not only on the basis of his performance and skills but also on the basis of his commitment. In these private jobs, the job security is based upon his performance and skill sets alone. They follow a policy of hire and fire. These private companies spend thousands of Rupees on the pre and post entry training of the employee hence, they demand a bond from the employee for a minimum years of service they have to put in that company.

Owing to Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG), the Governments are gradually withdrawing from their duties and entrusting work to private companies. Thus, the jobs in the private sector are increasing. The private sector is known for efficient functioning and profit making. Hence, this sector is expanding day by day.

 The multinational companies, with crores of rupees of investment, are entering into sectors like retail, entertainment, food, fashion, media, health, education etc. This is resulting in the increase of private jobs. Due to non availability of employees with required skills sets, and getting a work done is costly in certain developed countries, those countries are outsourcing their work to many Software Development, BPO companies. This is also a reason for growth of private jobs in our country.

 However, to get a private job, the candidate must not only get good percentage of marks but also should possess good soft skills like team building, communication, interpersonal relationship, honesty and integrity positive thinking etc. Unfortunately, these employable skills are absent in most of our youth. Hence, even after the completion of Degrees and having failed in the campusplacements, these students are making special efforts to equip themselves with those employable skills.

The jobs in the Central and State Governments can be divided into two types.

1). Gazetted   2). Non-Gazetted.

The eligibility conditions like age and  educational qualifications, selection process, the concerned competitive examination and the agency that selects differ for the above jobs. The Government jobs can also be divided into Civil Jobs and Non-Civil Jobs. A Typical Government Department and its job profile is mentioned here under.

Ø Administration (Policy Making)   Ø President – Governor    Ø Prime Minister – Chief Minister (Political Posts)
Ø Portfolio Minister – (Political Post)  Ø Principal Secretary – (Highest Official). 
Ø Secretary / ies   
Ø Additional Secretary / ies   
Ø Joint Secretary / ies    Ø Deputy Secretary / ies
Ø Section Officer / s    
Ø Assistant Section Officer / s   Ø Senior Assistant / s    Ø Junior Assistant / s    
Ø Policy Implementing    Ø Commissioner / Director / Chief Engineer
Ø Joint Director / s
Ø Deputy Director / s
Ø Assistant Director / s
Ø Section Superintendent
Ø Senior Assistants
Ø Junior Assistants

District Level Officers
Collector & District Magistrate
D.E.O.
Deputy Director of Social Welfare
District Social Welfare Officer
Deputy Director of Agriculture
District Co-operative Officer 
Executive Engineer

Mandal Level
Assistant Section Officer / s    Tahsildar
Senior Assistant / s
Mandal Education Officer
Junior Assistant / s     Mandal Welfare Officer

In the Central Government there is Union Public Service Commission to conduct competitive examination and select eligible candidates for Gazetted and Non-Gazetted entry level posts. There is State Public Service Commission to conduct the required competitive examinations and select eligible candidates for various Gazetted and Non-Gazetted entry level posts at the state level. In Andhra Pradesh, APPSC conducts Group-I, Group-II, Group-III and Group-IV examinations.

Group-I Examination:

Is  for Gazetted jobs like Deputy Collector, District Education Officer, District Labour Officer, Deputy Superintendent of Police, District Co-operative Officer, Muncipal Commissioner, Commercial Tax Officer, District Panchayat Officer, Tahsildar etc.

Group-II Examination:

Is for Non-Gazetted jobs like Deputy Tahsildar, Assistant Commercial Tax Officer, Labour Inspector, Deputy Inspector Schools, Assistant Director Handlooms and Textiles, Motor Vehicles Inspector etc.

Group-III Examination: is for Jr. Auditor posts

Group-IV Examination: is for Jr. Assistant Posts in all Departments.

There are District Selection Committees for secondary grade B.Ed. Teachers’ Selection.

For Posts of Attenders, Drivers, Watchmen etc. the candidates sponsored by District Employment Exchange will be selected by the respective departmental head.

Gazetted Employees are posted at sub-divisional and mandal level occupying high level posts.
They are notified by way of special Gazette notification by President or Governor. They have stamping power and are eligible to withdraw money from the Government treasury.

Non-Civil jobs in the Governments

At the CENTRAL level, all jobs related to Defence Department. These uniformed personnel can be divided into 3 categories.

1. Commissioned Officers      
2. Jr. Commissioned Officers  
3. Non-Commissioned Officers

Commissioned Officers can be divided into 3 types

1. Permanent Commission
2. Short Service Commission
3. Emergency Commission

All these officers have Gazetted rank and belong to class I cadre appointed by President of India by a special Gazette notification as commissioned officers in the Defence Department.

There are 3 examinations for commissioned officers at the entry level.

1. Combined Defence Service Examination (CDS)
2. National Defence Academy Examination (NDA)
3. Technical Entry

The eligibility conditions, selection process, training etc. vary for different examinations. In the Central Government, there are jobs in the Para Military Forces;

1. Central Reserve Police Force
2. Indo Tibetan Border Police Force.
3. Central Industrial Security Force
4. Railway Police Force etc.

There are Gazetted & Non-Gazetted jobs in these Forces. The selection for the Para Military Forces is done by special notifications by the forces concerned.

In addition to the above, there are Investigating and Detective Agencies in the Central Government 1. Intelligence Bureau (IB) 2. Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) 3. Central Bureau Investigation (CBI) etc. The jobs in these organizations are also uniform jobs having different cadres and levels.

State level:

At the state level also there are many uniform wearing jobs, like Police, Special Police, Armed Police. There are Gazetted and Non-Gazetted jobs in this category also. The Non-Gazetted entry level post, Police Constables are selected by DIGs or SPs of the area by way of special notification after conducting several rounds of physical and mental ability tests. There is direct recruitment for SI of Police. Hence, those who have the interest in wearing uniform and possess necessary physical and mental abilities, NCC cadets who have a spirit of service and those who give importance for discipline can think of jobs in the departments of Defence and Police.

Local Governments:

The Muncipalities, Muncipal Corporations, Village Panchayats, Mandal Praja Parishads, Zilla Praja Parishad also have a large number of ordinary and technical jobs. Muncipal Health Officer, Sanitary Inspector, Food Inspector, Muncipal Engineer, Supervisor, Work Inspector, Revenue Inspector, Bill Collector, Mandal Development Officer, Mandal Education Officer, Mandal Agriculture Officer, District Development Officer are some of the Gazetted and Non-Gazetted jobs available. For some higher jobs in these organizations, officers are taken on deputation from the parent departments but many jobs are filled up by direct recruitment.

Public Corporations:

Central and State Governments started hundreds of corporations for a special purpose and they offer thousands of jobs. Food Corporation of India, Life Insurance Corporation, National Mineral Development Corporation, General Insurance Corporation, AP Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation, AP State Finance Corporation etc.

Public Sector Industrial Units:

BHEL, BEL, SAIL, ISPATNIGAM etc. These organizations offer good jobs with attractive packages and avenues for Career growth with no transfers. Hence, many educated people are being attracted to the jobs in these companies, especially in the companies that are recognized as Navaratnas.

Nationalised Banks:

Owing to number of changes that are coming in finance sector and changes in the attitude of banks, the banking sector is fast expanding having branches in every town and big villages. They are adopting customer friendly policies with the latest Software Technologies competing with one another. Thus, they are providing very good jobs, especially Probationary Officers, Award Staff etc for graduates. The recruitment for those jobs is being done by the Banks concerned.

University Jobs:

The universities established by Central and State Governments offer many teaching and non teaching posts. In the teaching line, they offer posts like Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Professor to be appointed either directly or indirectly, strictly following the norms of the university. In the non-teaching line, there are posts like Junior / Senior Assistants, Section Superintendent, Assistant / Deputy / Joint Registrar/s, Registrar. And these jobs are filled up by a selection committee headed either by Vice Chancellor or Registrar, Director or Dean.

Co-operative Sector:

In Andhra Pradesh, there are thousands of Co-operative societies that are registered as per the provisions of co-operative act like Consumer co-operative Societies, Milk Producers Co-operative Societies, Housing Co-operative Societies, Handloom Weavers Co-Operative Societies. There are many jobs in these societies filled by the managements of the societies as per their norms.

Aided Schools and Colleges:

There are thousands of teaching and non-teaching staff in these educational institutions like Secondary Grade Teacher, B.Ed. Teacher, Junior Lecturer, Assistant Professor in a Degree College, Office Superintendent, Steno, Lab Technician etc. All these posts are being filled up as per the rules and regulations prescribed by the Government.

Private Sector Jobs :

If you look from the angle of number, the jobs in the private sector are more than the jobs in the Government sector. Now a days, sectors like production, service, education, health, IT both Hard and Software, are completely in the private sector. Thousands of crores of investment is coming to this sector. Naturally, jobs with attractive salaries and incentives are being offered in this sector. There is excellent recognition for merit and performance. The only criteria for selection or promotion is skills and performance in this sector. Though the public sector organizations started with lot of ideology, they became centres for inefficiency and losses. Hence, they are being closed.

 The employees of Government as well as Public Sector at one stage are migrating to private sector. These private sector organizations are highly professional, quality oriented, determined to maintain standards and are ready to face global competition. These organizations are giving top priority for professional skills and also trying to enhance the employee competency. They are taking all possible steps to ensure work life balance by providing for recreation, family welfare, showcasing of creative talents, transport, health and superannuation benefits. Thus, they are striving for all round development of the employees and are contributing to the growth of national wealth.